Types of mental illness
By Kashif Karim
Khyber medical university
Learning outcomes
• At the end of this lecture students will be able to learn;
• An introduction to mental illness
• Major and minor types of mental illness
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Introduction
• Mental illness is characterized by alteration in:
• Thinking
• mood/emotions or
• Behavior associated with personal distress
• And/or functionally impaired
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• Mental and behavioral disorders are taken as clinically significant conditions
i.e. CVS, HTN etc.
• mental illness is a vast subject it is broad in its limit and difficult to define
shortly/precisely
• So they have been divided to major and minor illness
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Major illness
• They are called as psychoses
• Psychoses is a severe mental illness where a person contact of his fantasy is
lost with reality
• Here the person is insane mean he is unable to think in a clear way
• There are three major illness:
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1. SCHIZOPHRENIA
• SCHIZO mean ‘split’ and PHRENIA mean ‘mind’
• It refers to the splitting of mind but not to the personality splitting
• The person Is having fragmented pattern of thinking
• In simple words a person may give general answers in place of specific
answers.
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2. MANIC DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS
• Also called as bipolar disorder
• The person symptoms vary from height of extreme excitement to depth of
depression
• The extreme symptoms includes the manic episodes which are at extreme
level e.g patient can expand his all of money in a business
• They manic symptoms can also be at low level called as hypomania
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3. PARANOIA
• The condition in which a person is very suspicious and mistrust of other people or
their actions
• They have the tendency to interpret the actions or intentions of others as
threatening.
• As a result they are unable to tell their secrets to others because having trust issue
• Even if people prove to be trustworthy but for fear of being betrayed they don’t
share secrets
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PARANIOA SYMPTOMS
suspicion
Cant share personal info
Distrust
Trouble in
Stubborn
relaxing
Argumentated
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Minor illness
• The minor illness are of two types;
a) Neurosis or psychoneurosis
b) Personality and character disorders
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Neurosis or psychoneurosis
• It is a functional personality disorder
• characterized by disturbing emotional symptoms such as morbid fears,
obsessive thoughts, or depressive states
• Here the person isn’t considered insane as like psychosis
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Personality and character disorders
• A personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which you have a rigid
and unhealthy pattern of thinking i.e. anxiety , functioning and behaving.
• According to diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorder there are
about 10 personality disorders
• They are divided into three clusters
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• Cluster A named as weird
• Cluster B named as wild
• And cluster C named as worried
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References
• https://www.osmosis.org
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/personality-
disorders/symptoms-causes
• https://psychologydictionary.org/psychoneurosis/
• https://www.verywellmind.com
• Parks community medicine book
Frequently asked questions
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