Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Today we have  discussed the main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes which are shown here in tabulated form.

But before we goes into the difference between prokaryotes and eukaroytes first lets have an introduction to eukaryotes and prokaryotes, All living organisms on earth are composed of one or the other of two types of cells: prokaryotic cells and  eukaryotic cells based on differences in cellular organization and biochemistry.

•  Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea.
•  Eukaryotes: Eucarya.

Prokaryotes:

Prokaryotic cells (pro or primitive nucleus) do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. All 

bacteria and blue-green algae are prokaryotes. Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms and 

don’t contain chlorophyll but in contrast, bluegreen algae possess chlorophyll. They are unicellular and do not show true branching, except in the so called ‘higher bacteria’ (Actinomycetales).

Eukaryotes: 

Eukaryotic cells (eu or true nucleus), have a membrane-bound nucleus. Other algae  (excluding blue-green algae), fungi, slime moulds,  protozoa, higher plants, and animals are eukaryotic.

Three fundamental characteristics are often considered to distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes: 

1. Small size
2. Absence of a complex organelle containing cytoplasm and 
3. The absence of a nuclear membrane 

EUKARYOTES	PROKARYOTES
Having true nucleus	Having no true nucleus
Multiple chromosomes here	Single chromosome here
Linear chromosomes	Circular chromosomes
Double stranded DNA	Double stranded DNA
They have histones proteins	No histones proteins
They have exons and introns	They have only Exons but no introns
*Nuclear membrane present here	*No nuclear membrane here
They have mitochondria	No mitochondria
They have nucleolus	No nucleolus
They have membrane bound organelles	No membrane bound organelles
Ribosome are of *80S  here	Ribosomes are of *70S
They have lysosomes	No lysosomes here
They have ER that’s why some ribosomes are free and some are bounded to ER	They have no ER that’s why ribosomes are free here
They have mono cistronic mRNA	They may be mono/poly cistronic mRNA
Division occurs through mitosis and meiosis	Division occurs through binary fission
E.g humans etc	E.g bacteria

• the highlighted points are the similarities between pro and eukaryotes
• the red  steric shows that when the nuclear membrane is present   then its called as nucleus. But whe nuclear membrane isnt present as in the prokaryotes then its called as nucleiod.
• the second steric which also highlighted in yellow shows that S mean in ribsome is swedberg unit which shows size